Whether you qualified in education decades ago or are new to the sector, education theories provide a foundation on which to build your teaching practice.
Staying up-to-date with the latest teaching techniques and learning theories is an important part of continuous professional development for any education professional. But while many focus on the latest research, it’s equally important to revisit the long-standing work that has stood the test of time.
Essential Educational Theories in the UK
Not only do the education theories below provide the building blocks that the modern UK curriculum is based on, but applying these theories in your classroom can dramatically improve your teaching effectiveness. After all, the research has already been established; it’s up to you to put it into practice. Let’s take a look at five of the core educational theories and how they can help you sharpen your teaching and leadership skills.Bruner's Discovery Learning Approach
A leading and long-standing figure in cognitive psychology, Jerome Bruner developed the concept of “discovery learning”. Bruner's approach to curriculum design was simple yet effective - any subject can be taught to learners at any stage of their development. He proposed that instead of trying to match the complexity of the subject with the learner's cognitive stage, it's more effective to present information in ways that are engaging and easy to grasp. This approach both makes learning more enjoyable and enhances deeper understanding.Black and Wiliam's Insights on Formative Assessment
In their influential book "Inside the Black Box," Paul Black and Dylan Wiliam highlight the importance of formative assessment in learning. They emphasise five main principles:- Involving learners actively in the process
- Providing meaningful feedback
- Adapting teaching based on assessment outcomes
- Enabling learners to assess themselves and their peers
- Understanding the impact of assessment on motivation.
Hattie's Visible Learning Concept
New Zealander John Hattie established the idea of visible learning, a more transparent approach to the teaching process. His theory is that when both teaching and learning are visible, teachers can easily identify if students are grasping the concepts and students understand what they need to learn and how. This transparency helps teachers tailor their methods effectively. Hattie believes in the ideal scenario where students take control of their own learning and teachers continuously evolve their teaching styles.Alderfer's Motivation Theory
Clayton Alderfer breaks down motivation into three categories: existence, relatedness, and growth. He suggests that people move from basic needs to personal growth through social interactions driven by satisfaction. In reverse, frustration leads to a focus on more basic needs. Understanding these levels of motivation allows teachers to better connect with and inspire their students.Whitmore's GROW Model
John Whitmore's GROW model offers a straightforward framework for coaching. It's about setting a Goal, understanding the current Reality, exploring Options, and committing to the Will to succeed. This model is fantastic for helping students set and reach both their academic and personal goals.
Applying Education Theories in Your Classroom
Understanding educational theories is only the first step. The next is putting them into action in practical, everyday ways. Below are some tips to get you started:-
Embrace Discovery Learning
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Undertake Assessments
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Make Learning Visible
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Understand Motivations
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Apply the GROW Model